Continuing on with more of the math, let’s delve into Karl Schwarzschild and Schwarzschild radius. Perhaps his most groundbreaking discovery, which is definitely the most crucial to black holes as far as Schwarzschild’s work goes is of the equation and concept of Schwarzschild radius. According to this equation, anything can become a black hole. Mathematically, you could compress anything into a small enough area to turn it into a black hole, and that is the essence of what the Schwarzschild radius truly is. The Schwarzschild Radius allows scientists to calculate how something must be to make it into a black hole.
The Schwarzschild Radius is equal to two multiplied the gravity constant multiplied by the mass of the black hole. All of that divided by the speed of light squared. The R stands for Schwarzschild Radius, the G stands for the gravity constant, the M stands for the mass, and the c stands for the speed of light. So basically, the Schwarzschild Radius is the radius of the event horizon of the black hole. This formula is also how scientists are able to figure out the minimum masses or radius of the event horizon of several different things when it comes to black holes. These range from information about the minimum mass and radius of primordial black holes all the way to supermassive black holes.
Schwarzschild Values Examples
If you compressed the Mount Everest into a nanometer, it would become a Black Hole. If you compressed the Earth into the size of a peanut, it would become a Black Hole.
Schwarzschild was the first person who was able to solve Einstein’s general relativity equations for some specific variables. His solution of the equations described the gravitational field of a spherically-symmetrical body which in this case would be a black hole.
Equation for Charge and Angular Momentum
Limit of Angular Momentum for an Uncharged Black Hole
Spin Parameter
Proportion of the Schwarzschild Radius to the Mass
Extremal Black Hole Event Horizon
InnerMost Stable Circular Object Equation
Relationship Between General Relativity and Swarzchild Radius
What happens when you go through it?
Ok, first of all, you really won’t be able to experience the effects of a black hole from that close. Your body or rather body parts might, but you won’t be able to perceive anything going on, because you will be dead. Let’s say Christopher Arjune gets sucked into the black hole. Once he gets to the event horizon, he will begin to feel the attraction from the singularity Christopher will notice an irregularity regarding how much attraction he is experiencing. Whatever part of the body is closer to the black hole will fell a greater attraction than the body part furthest away from the black hole. So assuming Christopher is going into the black hole feet first, his body would look something like this. It will be stretched and elongated as the feet get pulled in faster than the part of the body above it. His molecules will be violently ripped and stretched apart. The rate of increase in speed also increases for the body part closer to the black hole. So as Christopher gets closer, the intensity of the stretch increases. In scientific terms, this process is called spaghettification. Spaghettification is the vertical stretching and horizontal compression of objects into long thin shapes in a very strong non-homogeneous gravitational field. This term is used to describe this process because your body stretches out and starts to look like a piece of spaghetti. Also, don’t be mistaken; spaghettification does not only happen if a human enters the black hole. In fact, any object entering the black hole will experience this. Whatever is closer to the black hole gets pulled in faster, consequently causing spaghettification.
In order to understand this better, we can also take a look at the Earth and its tides as an example. Whatever part of the Earth is closer to the moon, will have a stronger gravitational pull from the moon. The attraction gives us high and low tides. Although the moon’s gravity is nowhere near strong enough to spaghetti Earth or vice versa, we are able to notice the impacts of gravitational pull depending on the position of the two masses, which hopefully allows us to understand spaghettification better. This is also why the forces of gravity causing spaghettification can be referred to as tidal forces.
We have already talked about what a black hole looks like but let’s get more specific. While you get sucked into your demise, let’s say our friend Het Patel is watching this happen. In Het’s eyes, you will simply slowly approach the event horizon. Once Christopher crosses the event horizon, no light will be able to escape, and Christopher will appear frozen to Het. After some more time has passed, the light coming off of Christopher will start to appear red due to it being red shifted, and Christopher will eventually fade away.
Het will never be able to see Christopher actually cross the event horizon, and consequently, Het will not be able to see the effects of spaghettification because that starts to happen once Christopher crosses the event horizon. When that happens, the light cannot reach Het to show spaghettification. Now let’s get back to Christopher’s perspective. As he continues to approach the black hole’s singularity, his view of the universe will get compressed into a smaller and smaller space behind him. Since both Het’s and Christopher’s perspectives will be happening at the same time, it would be like Christopher is in two places and once particular time. Now, these will just be two different perspectives and there won’t actually be two Christophers because of Quantum Physics.
Anyways, once Christopher gets further into the black hole and reaches the singularity, we don’t really know what will happen. All of the laws of physics and the world as we know it will cease to exist. Our world works according to applied restrictions, certain laws, and concepts … well not anymore. Nothing we know about the universe will apply, and it will truly be a bizarre place. This is where the various theories that haven’t actually been proven yet come into play. Now truth is relative and everything that we believe to be true in science is essentially just a theory that has been proven through many well planned out experiments. Black holes are of course no different and they are actually one of the things that know least about. I mean experimenting on a black hole is quite difficult. So, let’s talk theory. This next one has no evidence to it, so in no way is this a fact but I thought it was extremely interesting and I wanted to tell you about it. Some people theorize that when you enter a black hole, you come out from a white hole.
Basically, you will come upon a second event horizon after passing through the first one, which has a singularity that repels rather than attracts. The singularity that attracts is a part of the black hole and the singularity that repels is part of the white hole. From here, the theory provides two possibilities. The first possibility is that this second singularity will repel you into another parallel universe. The second possibility is that the black hole and white hole will act as the entrance and exit to a wormhole. Like I said, that is all theoretical and there is no proof behind it but it’s a really cool theory.
The Journey Through A Black Hole 